Gambling addiction treatment manages pathological gambling, or gambling disorder, which is an intricate behavioural disorder that affects the activity of the brain reward system to the maximum extent. This article aims to highlight an innovative treatment approach that deals with this complex disorder and applies biomedical, psychological and even environmental factors. Discussing the effect of dopamine, which is responsible for reward-mediating brain systems, this article further assesses how gambling affects the reward system.
It also expands on the connection between trauma and addiction, underlining the need to address trauma as it is a major factor contributing to varying forms of addiction. The structured gambling addiction treatment process includes stabilising the autonomic nervous system, employing therapies such as Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), which enables long-term recovery through integration and self-reliance.
Understanding Gambling Addiction
Gambling addiction, as the name indicates, is an addiction to a particular behaviour rather than a substance addiction, and this behavioural pattern can become uncontrollable. This disorder is observed as a persistent and recurrent gambling behaviour that results in defined personal and interpersonal difficulties, mental impairment and distress. Psychological factors entail the tendency of the individual to gamble despite adverse effects. Neurologically, this addiction is associated with the ‘‘reward pathway’’ in the brain, where the prospect of a win elicits a dopamine stimulus to carry out a cycle of reward that is quite challenging to stop. Understanding these underlying mechanisms is crucial in developing effective gambling addiction treatment strategies.
Why is gambling so Addictive?
Casinos and gambling are addictive because they trigger psychological and environmental factors which play on the brain’s reward system. A look around casinos will reveal that all aspects are created in a way that will ensure that the guests spend quite some time and money. For instance, there is the absence of clocks and small windows in a casino, thereby making it explicit for the gambler to lose track of the time and enable prolonged plays. This is assisted by the illumination of bright lights, the playing of alert sounds, and even the aroma in places to make the body produce dopamine chemicals in the brain, and resultingly, it further reinforces gambling behaviour.
Slot machines are particularly designed to be very irresistible. They provide the opportunity for quick and constant gameplay and the chance to get small wins often. This constant gameplay for the compulsive small-wins is one of the most effective psychological techniques of intermittent reinforcement. It is then exacerbated by a psychological phenomenon known as ‘‘near-miss,’’ where players feel they almost won and feel inclined to try again.
Moreover, the use of chips instead of currency leads to the runners concentrating on the game rather than the amount they are spending; hence, the chances of spending more than intended are high. From the setting and the layout of the gambling games, the gamer is conditioned to a point where he feels he can control what happens when the game actually has control over the player, which leads to this cycle of gambling.
The Role of Behavioural Medicine in Gambling Addiction Treatment
As a sub-discipline of medicine, behavioural medicine is particularly important when addressing the nature of gambling addiction while considering biomedical, psychological and environmental interventions. This approach is known as the biopsychosocial approach, where the reasons for dependency are seen in a tripartite presentation of medical, mental, and social issues. In contrast to more conventional approaches of abstinence, which might routinely encourage ‘just say no’ and do not focus on the causes of addiction, such as trauma or stress.
Behavioural medicine strives to address the root causes of addiction and facilitate the recovery process. By employing techniques that encompass cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and lifestyle modifications, this approach seeks to recalibrate the individual’s relationship with gambling. An effective working alliance on which behavioural medicine is based involves conscious engineering of the environment, in which clients are encouraged to assume personal responsibility for their growth process. This method does not only focus on the symptoms but also the disease’s impact on the individual’s health, making it a one-stop shop for gambling addiction treatment.
The Brain’s Reward System and Gambling
The brain’s reward system is central to understanding gambling addiction. At the core of this system is dopamine, a neurotransmitter often referred to as the “pleasure chemical.” In the context of gambling, dopamine is released not only when a win occurs but also in anticipation of winning. Such early release generates colossal pressure to carry on with gambling since the mind gets preconditioned to receive a reward. If one raises the stakes often enough, continued exposure to dopamine desensitises the brain, and more and more stimulation is needed to get the same fix. This is what we generally call tolerance towards behaviour/substance, which characterises addiction.
Furthermore, the unpredictability of gambling results enhances this effect, as the brain finds the uncertainty itself rewarding. Understanding these neurological processes is essential in designing effective gambling addiction treatment strategies.
Gambling addiction treatment helps restore balance to the brain’s reward system and reduce the compulsive urge to gamble by focusing on ways to naturally enhance dopamine activity through behavioural interventions. This gambling addiction treatment approach addresses the symptoms of addiction along with the promise of long-term recovery by working on healthier behavioural patterns and decision-making processes.
Trauma and Gambling Addiction Treatment
Gambling addiction treatment often requires an understanding of the deep-seated connection between trauma and addictive behaviours. Trauma, whether from childhood or more recent experiences, can create emotional wounds that drive individuals toward gambling as a form of escapism or self-medication. Unresolved trauma can manifest as anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), all of which can enhance compulsive gambling behaviours.
The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study highlights that individuals with a history of trauma are more likely to develop addictions, including gambling. Behavioural addiction is used as a coping mechanism to escape from continuous stress and pain. Addressing trauma is essential in gambling addiction treatment, as it allows individuals to confront and heal from past experiences, which reduces the reliance on gambling as an emotional crutch.
Stabilisation: Calming the Autonomic Nervous System
The initial stage of the gambling addiction treatment involves stabilisation, in particular, regulating the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS becomes hyperactive due to chronic stress or trauma, leading to heightened anxiety and cravings for the dopamine rush associated with gambling. In light of this, techniques, including different exercises, yoga, and personal training, are utilised to control ANS so that patients can become more relaxed and the observable signs of stress decrease. These activities encourage the body to enter a state of rest and digestion, counteracting the fight-or-flight response that often accompanies trauma. This allows the course of therapeutic interventions and rational decision-making in the gamblers’ activity, which is the foundation of a successful gambling addiction treatment.
Trauma Reprocessing and Recovery
When stabilisation is attained, trauma reprocessing– an integral part of gambling and other addictions begins. This phase has therapies that aim at providing the person with a way to separate emotion from an obsession level, that is, to separate emotional triggers from excessive responses. Among the therapeutic approaches, Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) are two effective methods used in this process. EMDR helps the user decode and then reattribute negative memories through bilateral stimulation. This technique intends to reframe negative experiences and reduce their emotional impact.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy CBT that is trauma-focused enables the client to change the negative cognitions relative to trauma and develop better-coping strategies. By undergoing these therapies, a person reduces the impact of traumatic events and, thereby, controls their behaviours in the course of gambling addiction treatment.
By addressing the underlying trauma and employing strategies to stabilise the ANS, individuals can break free from the cycle of addiction. Such an approach to treating gambling addiction does much more than remove the signs and symptoms of addiction; it also builds a person’s capacity to recover and achieve a greater sense of wellness, personally and otherwise.
The Importance of a Controlled Environment
One of the critical aspects of gambling addiction treatment comprises a controlled environment. As in Highlands Recovery, clients receive a stress-free environment, which enhances recovery and reduces relapse cues. This environment is carefully constructed and is free of day-to-day stress as well as other interferences to help the clients in their healing processes.
In a controlled environment, clients are cocooned from outside influences and pressures that may force them back to relapse. This setting provides a safe space where individuals can explore the root causes of their addiction without fear of judgment or exposure. The absence of outside pressures and triggers allows clients to commit themselves to therapeutic tasks such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or trauma-focused therapy that forms part of the clients’ pathway to recovery.
Also, because it is an organised program implemented in a controlled setting, it is easier to set and achieve routines, which are important for any person in the recovery process from gambling addiction. Schedules result in decreased stress and increased feelings of mastery over existence since people feel that their existence has a structure and that they can, at least to some extent, predict what is going to take place next. This kind of environment also helps in the acquisition of appropriate positive behaviours and practices, including exercise, proper diet and sleep, which are very crucial in promoting health before, during and after receiving gambling addiction treatment.
Integration: Reinforcing New Behaviours
The integration phase is a crucial component of gambling addiction treatment, where clients learn to apply new coping mechanisms in real-life situations. This phase is often the most challenging, as individuals transition from the structured environment of a gambling addiction treatment centre back into the unpredictability of everyday life. At Highlands Recovery, this phase is supported by ongoing therapy and community support, ensuring clients have the necessary tools to manage triggers and maintain their recovery.
During this stage, clients are encouraged to utilise the skills they have acquired during gambling addiction treatment, such as stress management techniques, cognitive restructuring, and emotional regulation. These skills are essential for navigating the complexities of life without resorting to gambling as a coping mechanism. The support provided by Highlands Recovery includes weekly individual and group virtual therapy sessions, which serve as a gentle “step down” from the intensive therapy received in the centre. This approach helps clients gradually adjust to their new reality, reinforcing the new behaviours they have learned.
Community support plays a vital role in the integration phase. Clients are encouraged to build a network of supportive individuals who understand the challenges of gambling addiction. This network can include family members, friends, and peers who have also gone through similar experiences. By fostering these connections, clients can share their struggles and successes, gaining valuable insights and encouragement from others who understand their journey.
Long-term Recovery and Self-reliance from Gambling Addiction
The consolidation phase of gambling addiction treatment aims at developing the means and ways of personal independence to preserve sobriety for the post-rehab life with strategies and healthy resources. This phase is crucial in enabling clients to be able to maintain their recovery long after they leave the gambling addiction treatment centre.
At Highlands Recovery, the emphasis is on empowering clients to become self-reliant, equipping them with the skills and confidence needed to navigate life’s challenges without resorting to gambling. This refers to educating the clients on ways of modulating their ANS, avoiding precipitating factors, and adopting a healthy life. Coping strategies that are used include mindfulness, stress management, and modulating of emotions.
Long-term recovery also involves the establishment of a robust support system. While clients are encouraged to be self-reliant, they have access to support groups and occasional therapy sessions that can provide additional reinforcement. These resources offer a safety net, ensuring that clients have a place to turn to when faced with challenges or potential relapse triggers.
Conclusion
Highlands Recovery is committed to providing world-class private, confidential care and excellence for its clients. Admission is subject to a clinical assessment, and not all conditions may be treatable within this setting. The centre’s approach is rooted in behavioural medicine, which integrates biomedical, psychological, and environmental knowledge to address the complexities of gambling addiction. This approach is designed to foster long-term recovery, allowing individuals to lead fulfilling lives free from the constraints of addiction.
FAQ
What role does dopamine play in gambling addiction?
Dopamine has been considered a neurotransmitter connected with the reward part of the brain and, therefore, can be addictive in gambling. It is released upon a win and also upon anticipation of a win, making one get into a compulsive cycle, increasing tolerance, thereby repetitive gambling behaviour.
How does trauma contribute to gambling addiction?
Trauma can push people into gambling as a means of escape. Unresolved trauma creates anxiety and depression, which in turn feed compulsive gambling. Trauma must be treated with therapy to help the person work his or her way through the emotional triggers that he or she associates with gambling.
What is the importance of stabilising the autonomic nervous system in gambling addiction treatment?
This is accomplished by the fact that stabilisation of the ANS reduces stress and compulsions to gamble. Activities like yoga and personal training calm the ANS down, and thus patients are able to make informed decisions and actively participate in therapy for long-term recovery.
References:
Felitti, V. J., et al. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14, 245-258. Read more
Marlatt, G. A., & Baer, J. S. (1988). Addictive behaviours: Etiology and treatment. Annual Review of Psychology, 39, 223-252. Read more
Burke Harris, N. (2018). The deepest well: Healing the long-term effects of childhood adversity. Bluebird. Read more