Intergenerational trauma is a major influence on substance use disorders, creating a cycle of psychological pain that can span generations. This article looks at how trauma is transmitted biologically and psychologically, and how epigenetics can predispose us to addiction. By looking at the neurobiological impact of trauma on brain chemistry, particularly the dysregulation of dopamine we can see how this contributes to maladaptive coping. We also look at the therapeutic modalities within behavioural medicine that address both trauma and addiction to break the cycle of intergenerational trauma and long term recovery. Understanding this is key for anyone looking for treatment and support on their journey to healing.
Defining Intergenerational Trauma
Intergenerational trauma is the psychological and emotional wounds that are passed down from one generation to the next, often from traumatic experiences of previous generations. This can show up in many ways, including anxiety, depression and substance use disorders. The impact of intergenerational trauma is huge, it creates a legacy of distress that affects not only individual behaviour but also family dynamics and societal structures. Research shows that children of trauma survivors may inherit maladaptive coping mechanisms which can lead to increased susceptibility to substance use disorders. This perpetuates the original trauma, so we need to address these issues holistically within treatment frameworks like we do at Highlands Recovery, an Australian based behavioural medicine institute.
The Biological Mechanisms of Trauma Transmission
Intergenerational trauma isn’t just psychological, it’s biological. Scientific studies have shown epigenetic changes are a key way trauma affects the next generation. These changes occur when environmental factors like stress or trauma alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. For example, research has shown that extreme stress can change the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis which regulates stress response. This can lead to mental health issues and substance use disorders by affecting neurotransmitter systems, especially dopamine and serotonin.
And these biological changes can shape brain structure and function. Neuroimaging studies show that people with a history of trauma have changes in the areas of the brain related to emotional regulation and impulse control, such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. So the effects of intergenerational trauma aren’t just emotional, they’re biological. Recovery is complicated and requires a whole brain approach.
The Link Between Trauma and Substance Use Disorders
The link between intergenerational trauma and substance use disorders is complex and big. People who experience or inherit trauma may turn to substances as a maladaptive way to manage overwhelming emotions or psychological pain. The stress response triggered by trauma can create cravings for substances that temporarily relieve stress by increasing dopamine – a neurotransmitter that’s key to feelings of pleasure and reward.

This becomes a cycle: as people use substances to cope with their inherited trauma they may further entrench their psychological issues and become more dependent on substances. Research shows people with a family history of substance use disorders are more likely to have one themselves, so intergenerational trauma can create a family pattern of addiction.
Knowing this is key to effective treatment. At Highlands Recovery we use behavioural medicine approaches to address both the trauma and the substance use disorders. We use evidence based therapies like Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Trauma focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT) to break this cycle of addiction rooted in intergenerational trauma.
Intergenerational trauma requires not only an understanding of the psychological impacts but also the biological implications. By understanding how deep these issues are embedded in family systems and individual biology we can better equip ourselves to provide whole person care that leads to long term recovery and resilience to relapse.
How Trauma Affects Brain Chemistry

Intergenerational trauma changes brain chemistry, especially the regulation of neurotransmitters that control emotional responses and behaviours. One of the main players in this is dopamine, often called the “pleasure chemical”. Research shows that trauma can cause imbalances in dopamine levels which can affect behaviour and addiction patterns. When we experience trauma our brains become hyper responsive to stress and our hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis goes into overdrive. This stress response can trigger too much dopamine release and we start to seek substances to manage our emotions.
And the anticipation of reward – often linked to substance use – can make this even more complicated. Research shows that dopamine is released not only in response to actual rewards but also in anticipation of them. So individuals with a history of trauma may find themselves craving substances before they even use, because of the brain’s conditioned responses. The neurobiological changes from intergenerational trauma can create a state of perpetual craving and emotional dysregulation making recovery from substance use disorders even harder.
Coping Mechanisms: Substance Use as a Response to Trauma
For many people dealing with intergenerational trauma, substance use becomes a maladaptive coping mechanism to manage overwhelming emotional pain. The psychological burden of inherited trauma shows up as anxiety, depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and people turn to alcohol or drugs to get relief. This reliance on substances creates a vicious cycle; while they may give temporary relief from emotional pain, they ultimately make the underlying issues worse.

The appeal of substance use is in the immediate gratification and sense of control over one’s emotions. But this coping strategy is flawed because it doesn’t address the root of the pain associated with intergenerational trauma. Instead of healing, people may find themselves stuck in a cycle of dependency that deepens their psychological struggles. Research shows that addressing these maladaptive coping mechanisms through therapy is key to breaking this cycle and finding healthier ways to manage emotional pain.
At Highlands Recovery we get that substance use is a response to intergenerational trauma. We help clients develop tools and strategies for emotional resilience and healthier coping mechanisms. We address both the psychological and biological aspects of addiction to support long term recovery.
The Role of Environment in Trauma and Addiction

The environment has a big impact on how intergenerational trauma shows up and affects substance use disorders. Things like family dynamics, socio-economic status and community support systems can either add to or reduce the effects of inherited trauma. For example people raised in environments of instability, neglect or abuse are more likely to develop maladaptive coping strategies including substance use.
Family dynamics are key; children who grow up seeing substance abuse or experiencing emotional neglect may internalise these behaviours as normal responses to stress. This perpetuates a cycle where intergenerational trauma is not only inherited biologically but also socially reinforced within family structures. And socio-economic factors can limit access to resources that promote healing and recovery and keep people stuck in addiction.
Research shows that supportive environments can make a big difference in recovery outcomes for people dealing with intergenerational trauma. Creating spaces where people feel heard and validated can build resilience and healthier coping mechanisms. At Highlands Recovery we know the environment plays a big part in the recovery process and we strive to create a safe space to heal from trauma and addiction.
Understanding how intergenerational trauma affects brain chemistry, influences coping mechanisms like substance use and interacts with environmental factors is key to developing effective treatment. By addressing these interconnected elements we can better support people on their journey to recovery from trauma based substance use disorders.
Therapeutic Approaches for Addressing Intergenerational Trauma
Working with intergenerational trauma requires a deep understanding of the psychological and emotional dynamics. Therapies for individuals affected by this trauma focus on behavioural medicine approaches that target both trauma and addiction. Unlike 12 step programs which may not address the root of addiction these approaches aim to provide whole care that promotes healing and resilience.

One of the modalities is Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) which has been shown to be effective in treating post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and trauma symptoms. EMDR processes traumatic memories through bilateral stimulation and allows clients to reframe their experiences and reduce the emotional charge around them. This is particularly helpful for those whose substance use is rooted in unresolved trauma.
Another modality is Trauma focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT) which combines cognitive behavioural techniques with trauma sensitive interventions. TF-CBT helps clients identify and challenge maladaptive thinking patterns that come from their traumatic experiences and develop healthier coping mechanisms. By addressing the cognitive distortions that come with intergenerational trauma clients can develop a more adaptive response to stressors.
Prolonged Exposure Therapy is also used to help clients face their fears in a controlled environment. This therapy has clients gradually face the memories and situations they have been avoiding and reduce anxiety and avoidance behaviours around their trauma. This exposure can help break the cycle of substance use as a maladaptive coping strategy.
At Highlands Recovery our team uses these therapies within a whole person approach so each client gets care that is specific to their intergenerational trauma experience. This means we address the addiction symptoms but also the deeper trauma.
The Importance of a Multidisciplinary Approach
A multidisciplinary approach is key to dealing with the complex interplay between intergenerational trauma and substance use disorders. This means bringing together different disciplines within behavioural medicine to get a full picture of each client. By combining psychology, psychiatry, social work and other disciplines we can create a treatment plan that looks at everything in a client’s life.
For example, bringing in social work can help understand family dynamics that contribute to intergenerational trauma. Knowing how family relationships impact behaviour means therapists can address those dynamics directly. And integrating nutritional psychology can help clients understand how diet affects mental health and support their recovery journey.
This collaborative approach means clients get access to a range of expertise and treatment strategies and a supportive and understanding environment. At Highlands Recovery we have world class facilities and highly trained staff who work together to provide confidential care for each individual’s journey of healing.
And ongoing assessment throughout treatment means we can adjust treatment based on client progress and feedback. This means our approaches stay relevant and effective as clients work through intergenerational trauma and substance use disorders.
Long-Term Recovery: Building Resilience Against Relapse

Building resilience is key for people recovering from substance use disorders formed from intergenerational trauma. Resilience means equipping clients with tools to manage stressors while on their recovery journey. One of the ways to do this is to develop strong coping mechanisms that replace maladaptive behaviours like substance use.
Education is a big part of this; clients learn about the effects of intergenerational trauma on their mental health and behaviour. Knowing the roots of their struggles gives them control of their recovery journey. Plus skills training in areas like emotional regulation so they can respond to triggers without using substances.
Support networks are just as important for long term recovery. Connecting with others who have walked a similar path can be validation and encouragement during tough times. Highlands Recovery does not offer traditional group therapy or peer to peer support but we do encourage clients to build connections outside of treatment.
Finally personal development is key to recovery over time. Clients are encouraged to pursue interests and activities that promote self growth and fulfilment beyond their treatment. By having a sense of purpose and identity outside of their past traumas or substance use behaviours individuals can build resilience against relapse.
Intergenerational trauma can only be addressed through therapeutic approaches that are long term. By building resilience through education, support networks and personal development clients can walk their healing journey with courage and power.
Conclusion
Highlands Recovery has the solution for those affected by intergenerational trauma and substance use disorders. We use evidence based therapies like EMDR and Trauma focused CBT to get to the root of addiction not just the symptoms. Our world class multidisciplinary team will work with you to create a personalised plan to build resilience and long term recovery. We focus on behavioural medicine to create a safe environment for healing and growth. Admission is subject to clinical assessment so we can provide the best treatment for your needs. At Highlands Recovery we will help you take back your life from intergenerational trauma.
FAQ
What is intergenerational trauma?
Intergenerational trauma refers to the psychological and emotional wounds passed down from one generation to another, often due to traumatic experiences such as abuse or systemic oppression. This trauma can manifest as anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders in descendants, impacting their mental health and behaviour.
How does trauma affect brain chemistry?
Trauma alters brain chemistry by dysregulating neurotransmitters like dopamine, which plays a crucial role in reward and pleasure. This dysregulation can lead to heightened stress responses, making individuals more vulnerable to substance use as they seek relief from emotional pain associated with intergenerational trauma.
What therapeutic approaches are effective for intergenerational trauma?
Effective therapeutic modalities include Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT). These approaches address the root causes of addiction by helping clients process traumatic memories and develop healthier coping mechanisms without relying on traditional 12-step methods.
Why is a multidisciplinary approach important in treatment?
A multidisciplinary approach integrates insights from various fields within behavioural medicine, such as psychology, social work, and nutrition. This comprehensive strategy allows for personalised treatment plans that address the complex interplay between intergenerational trauma and substance use disorders, enhancing recovery outcomes.
How can individuals build resilience against relapse after treatment?
Building resilience involves developing strong coping mechanisms, engaging in ongoing education about trauma’s effects, and fostering supportive relationships. Clients are encouraged to pursue personal development activities that promote self-growth, helping them manage stressors effectively while maintaining long-term recovery from intergenerational trauma.
References
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PubMed Central. (2021). The Neurobiology of Trauma and Implications for Treatment. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8418154/
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